BUB1

BUB1 is a gene that encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell cycle progression, particularly during mitosis. The protein product, also known as BUB1 kinase, plays a critical role in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a crucial regulatory mechanism that ensures proper chromosome segregation.

BUB1 functions primarily to monitor the attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, preventing premature progression to anaphase. It localizes to kinetochores during mitosis and contributes to the recruitment of other SAC proteins, such as BUB3 and MAD2. By doing so, BUB1 helps maintain genomic stability and prevents aneuploidy.

The gene encoding BUB1 is located on human chromosome 2 (2q13). Its expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, peaking during mitosis. Mutations or dysregulation of BUB1 have been associated with various cancers, highlighting its importance in maintaining chromosomal integrity.

Research has also indicated that BUB1 is involved in other cellular processes, including DNA damage response and cell proliferation. Due to its essential functions, BUB1 is a subject of interest in cancer biology and potential therapeutic targeting.

In summary, BUB1 is a vital component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division and maintaining genomic stability.