Azatiopryna

Azatiopryna is a medication used to suppress the immune system. It belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants, specifically purine antimetabolites. By interfering with the production of DNA and RNA, azatiopryna inhibits the growth and proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, including immune cells. This action is crucial in preventing the rejection of transplanted organs and in treating autoimmune diseases where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.

The primary indications for azatiopryna include preventing kidney transplant rejection and managing various autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and certain types of lupus. It is also used in some cases of myasthenia gravis and autoimmune hepatitis. Azatiopryna is typically administered orally, although intravenous formulations may be available in certain situations.

Due to its potent immunosuppressive effects, azatiopryna can increase the risk of infections and may also lead to other side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and bone marrow suppression, which can manifest as a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. More serious, though less common, side effects can include liver toxicity, pancreatitis, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Regular monitoring of blood counts and liver function is essential during treatment. The dosage of azatiopryna is carefully individualized based on the patient's condition, response to treatment, and tolerance of the medication.