Asetaldehýð

Asetaldehýð, also known as ethanal, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CHO. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a sharp, fruity odor. Asetaldehýð is a highly volatile and flammable substance. It is the second-largest aldehyde produced globally and is a key intermediate in the production of many chemicals.

Industrially, asetaldehýð is primarily produced by the Wacker process, which involves the oxidation of ethylene in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Another common method is the hydration of acetylene. Asetaldehýð occurs naturally in small amounts in fruits, coffee, and as a metabolic byproduct in humans. It is formed during the fermentation of alcohol and is responsible for some of the unpleasant aftertastes associated with poorly made alcoholic beverages.

The chemical reactivity of asetaldehýð is characteristic of aldehydes. It readily undergoes oxidation to acetic acid and reduction to ethanol. It can also participate in addition reactions, such as the formation of acetals with alcohols. Asetaldehýð is a precursor to a wide range of industrial chemicals, including acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and pentaerythritol. It is also used in the synthesis of perfumes, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

Exposure to asetaldehýð can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Due to its volatility and flammability, careful handling and storage are required.