Arcanobacterium

Arcanobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria are typically rod-shaped and can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and as commensals or pathogens in animals. The genus was first described in 1982. Currently, Arcanobacterium includes several species, with Arcanobacterium haemolyticum being the most well-known and medically significant.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a human pathogen that can cause pharyngitis, skin infections, and in rare cases, more serious conditions like endocarditis and osteomyelitis. Transmission is thought to occur through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated respiratory droplets. Diagnosis is often made based on clinical presentation and laboratory culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, with erythromycin being a common choice.

Other species within the Arcanobacterium genus have been identified and are being studied for their ecological roles and potential associations with animals. Research is ongoing to better understand the pathogenicity mechanisms and broader distribution of these bacteria. The genus is classified within the family Actinomycetaceae, order Actinomycetales.