Antitrombóticos

Antitrombóticos are a class of drugs used to prevent or treat thrombosis, which is the formation of blood clots within blood vessels. These clots can obstruct blood flow and lead to serious medical conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and deep vein thrombosis. Antitrombóticos work by interfering with the body's blood clotting process, also known as hemostasis.

There are two main categories of antitrombóticos: antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, inhibit the function of platelets, which are small blood cells that play a crucial role in clot formation. They prevent platelets from aggregating and sticking to the site of injury. Anticoagulants, on the other hand, target specific proteins in the coagulation cascade, a series of enzymatic reactions that ultimately lead to the formation of fibrin, a protein that strengthens blood clots. Examples of anticoagulants include warfarin, heparin, and the newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) like rivaroxaban and apixaban.

Antitrombóticos are prescribed for a variety of medical conditions, including atrial fibrillation, recent myocardial infarction, mechanical heart valves, and pulmonary embolism. The choice of antitrombótico, its dosage, and the duration of treatment depend on the individual patient's condition, risk factors, and other medications they may be taking. It is crucial to use these medications under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to the potential risk of bleeding, which is the primary side effect of all antitrombóticos. Regular monitoring may be required to ensure the medication is effective and safe for the patient.