Antigénnek

Antigénnek is a term used in immunology to refer to a substance that can trigger an immune response. Typically, antigens are foreign molecules, such as those found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, that the immune system recognizes as non-self. However, antigens can also be derived from the body's own cells, as seen in autoimmune diseases.

When an antigen is introduced into the body, it interacts with specific immune cells, particularly lymphocytes like B cells and T cells. B cells can recognize and bind to antigens, leading to the production of antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that can neutralize the antigen or mark it for destruction by other immune components. T cells, on the other hand, can directly kill infected cells or help regulate the immune response.

The immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self antigens is crucial for maintaining health. A loss of this tolerance can lead to autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Antigens are also the basis for vaccines, which introduce weakened or inactivated antigens to prime the immune system to fight off future infections. The study of antigens and their interactions with the immune system is a fundamental aspect of immunology and has significant implications for medicine, including the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.