Antigénitás

Antigénitás refers to the presence of antigens on or within a biological entity. Antigens are molecules, typically proteins or polysaccharides, that are capable of eliciting an immune response. They are often foreign to the host organism and are recognized by the immune system as a threat. The surface of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens are rich in antigens. Similarly, cells of the body also possess their own antigens, which are usually tolerated by the immune system under normal circumstances. The presence of antigénitás is crucial for the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When foreign antigens are detected, the immune system activates various cells and molecules, such as antibodies and T cells, to neutralize or eliminate the perceived threat. This process of recognizing and responding to antigens is fundamental to immunity and the maintenance of health. In medical contexts, the detection of specific antigens can be used for diagnostic purposes, such as identifying infections or monitoring disease progression. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly targets the body's own antigens, leading to an inflammatory response and tissue damage.