Antigenantikroppkomplex

Antigen-antikroppkomplex, also known as immune complexes, are formed when antibodies (immunoglobulins) bind to antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. These complexes can be further classified into soluble and insoluble complexes based on their physical state. Soluble immune complexes are those that remain in solution, while insoluble complexes are those that precipitate out of solution.

Immune complexes play a crucial role in the immune response, as they can activate complement proteins, leading to the lysis of the antigen and the clearance of the immune complex. However, when immune complexes are not properly cleared, they can accumulate in various tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This is particularly relevant in autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks self-antigens, forming immune complexes that contribute to tissue injury.

The formation of immune complexes is influenced by several factors, including the affinity and avidity of the antibodies, the concentration of the antigen, and the presence of other immune cells and molecules. The clearance of immune complexes is primarily mediated by phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, which recognize and engulf the complexes.

In summary, antigen-antikroppkomplex, or immune complexes, are formed when antibodies bind to antigens and play a vital role in the immune response. However, their accumulation and persistence can lead to tissue damage and inflammation, particularly in autoimmune diseases.