Anomalostoma

Anomalostoma is a genus of fungi belonging to the order Glomeromycotina. These fungi are known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) due to the characteristic arbuscules they form within the root cells of host plants. The genus was first described by Benny and Giacomini in 1996. Species within Anomalostoma are obligate endosymbionts, meaning they require a living host plant to complete their life cycle. They play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, by extending the plant's root system through their hyphal network, thereby enhancing nutrient uptake. In return, the fungi receive carbohydrates from the plant.

The morphology of Anomalostoma is characterized by the formation of large, sessile spores that are typically found within the soil. These spores are usually globose to subglobose and possess a complex spore wall structure. Reproductive structures, including arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae, develop within the plant roots. Identification and classification of Anomalostoma species rely on microscopic examination of spore morphology, as well as genetic analysis. While not as extensively studied as some other AMF genera, Anomalostoma contributes to the biodiversity of soil fungi and the ecological functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Further research is ongoing to fully understand the ecological significance and diversity of this genus.