Anionising

Anionising refers to the process by which a neutral atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, thereby acquiring a net negative electrical charge. This negatively charged species is known as an anion. The gain of electrons alters the electron configuration of the atom or molecule, and consequently, its chemical properties. This process is often driven by the tendency of atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration, typically a full valence electron shell, as described by the octet rule. Anion formation can occur through various mechanisms, including chemical reactions where an atom readily accepts electrons from another species, or through physical processes like ionization in a gas discharge. The stability of an anion is influenced by factors such as the electronegativity of the atom, resonance stabilization, and the presence of electron-donating or withdrawing groups. Anions play crucial roles in many chemical phenomena, including ionic bonding, acid-base chemistry, and redox reactions. They are also important intermediates in various industrial processes and biological systems. The term "anionising" is the active form of describing this electron-adding event.