Andardrátt

Andardrátt, also known as the Icelandic Constitution, is the supreme law of Iceland, establishing the framework for the country's political system and guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of its citizens. It was adopted on June 17, 1944, and has been amended several times since then. The Constitution is divided into two main parts: the first part deals with the structure of the Icelandic state, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, while the second part focuses on the rights and freedoms of individuals.

The Icelandic Constitution is notable for its progressive stance on social and political issues. It guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as the right to strike and the right to form and join trade unions. Additionally, it provides for the protection of privacy, the right to an adequate standard of living, and the right to social security.

The Constitution also establishes the principle of parliamentary democracy, with the President serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. The President is elected by the Althing, the Icelandic Parliament, and serves a four-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is typically the leader of the political party or coalition with the majority of seats in the Althing.

The Icelandic Constitution has been praised for its balance between individual rights and the collective good, as well as its commitment to social justice and equality. It has been amended to reflect changes in Icelandic society and politics, including the introduction of proportional representation in elections and the establishment of the Office of the Ombudsman to protect the rights of individuals.