Anbar

Anbar is the westernmost and largest governorate of Iraq, covering roughly 138,000 square kilometers. Its capital and administrative center is Ramadi. The province lies in the western Iraqi plain and includes parts of the Syrian Desert. The Euphrates River runs through its southern and central areas, supporting irrigation and towns such as Fallujah and Ramadi. The western border abuts Syria, with other routes linking to Jordan via desert roads in the southwestern part of the governorate.

Demographics and administration: Anbar is predominantly Arab and Sunni, with tribal social structures influencing local leadership and politics. Population estimates have varied over time, but the province is among the more sparsely populated regions of Iraq. Administratively, Anbar is divided into several districts and municipalities, with Ramadi serving as the governorate capital.

History and security: Anbar has deep historical roots in Mesopotamia. In the modern era, it became a focal point of conflict following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, experiencing significant insurgency and battle around cities such as Fallujah and Ramadi. In the mid-2010s, the area was a major front in the fight against the Islamic State, with Iraqi forces and allied groups retaking territory by 2017. The aftermath left extensive damage to infrastructure and ongoing security and reconstruction challenges.

Economy and challenges: The economy centers on oil production in western Iraq and irrigated agriculture along the Euphrates. Years of conflict have damaged infrastructure, displaced residents, and impeded economic development. Efforts in stabilization, reconstruction, and governance continue to shape Anbar’s recovery and future development.