Amínósýrur

Amínósýrur are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They share a common structural feature: a central carbon atom (alpha-carbon) bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R-group). The R-group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another and determines its unique properties. There are 20 standard amino acids that are incorporated into proteins synthesized by living organisms.

These amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, forming long chains called polypeptides. The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide determines the protein's three-dimensional structure and its function. Proteins perform a vast array of roles in biological systems, including acting as enzymes, structural components, antibodies, and signaling molecules.

In addition to their role in protein synthesis, amino acids also participate in various metabolic pathways. Some amino acids are essential, meaning they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet. Others are non-essential, which the body can produce itself. The balance of amino acids is crucial for maintaining health and proper physiological function.