Aminoglükosiide

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria, particularly aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. They function by irreversibly binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, interfering with protein synthesis. This binding leads to misreading of the messenger RNA, causing the production of faulty proteins that ultimately kill the bacteria. Aminoglycosides are typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly, as they are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Commonly prescribed aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin. They are often used in combination with other antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, to achieve synergistic effects, particularly in treating serious infections like sepsis, meningitis, and endocarditis. Their efficacy makes them valuable in combating infections caused by resistant organisms.

However, aminoglycosides are associated with significant toxicities, primarily nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and ototoxicity (damage to the hearing and balance organs). These side effects are dose-dependent and can be cumulative. Careful monitoring of kidney function and serum drug levels is essential during treatment to minimize these risks. Due to these toxicities, their use is generally reserved for more severe infections or when other antibiotic options are not suitable. Aminoglycosides are not effective against anaerobic bacteria.