Alóctona

Alóctona is a term used in biology and ecology to describe a species that is not native to a particular geographic area. This means that the species has been introduced to the region by human activity, either intentionally or accidentally, and does not naturally occur there. Introduced species are also often referred to as exotic, non-native, or alien species.

The concept of alóctona is important because introduced species can have significant impacts on the ecosystems into which they are introduced. Some alóctona species can become invasive, meaning they spread rapidly and outcompete native species for resources, leading to a decline in biodiversity and potential disruption of ecosystem functions. These invasive species can cause economic damage by affecting agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, and can also pose risks to human health.

Not all alóctona species become invasive. Many introduced species fail to establish viable populations in their new environment or have minimal impact. However, the potential for negative consequences means that the introduction of alóctona species is often a subject of concern and is regulated in many countries. Understanding the characteristics of a species and the ecological conditions of a region is crucial in predicting whether an alóctona species is likely to become problematic.