AlnicoVarianten

Alnico is a family of iron alloys, specifically a group of alloys of aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and one or more of the elements cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and titanium (Ti). These alloys are known for their high coercivity, which makes them useful in the production of permanent magnets. The term "Alnico" is a portmanteau of the words aluminum, nickel, and cobalt, reflecting the primary components of these alloys.

The most common variant of Alnico is Alnico 5, which contains 8-12% aluminum, 15-26% nickel, 5-24% cobalt, 1-6% copper, and 1-5% titanium. This variant is known for its high coercivity and is often used in applications where strong, permanent magnets are required, such as in electric motors, generators, and magnetic separators.

Other variants of Alnico include Alnico 2, Alnico 3, Alnico 4, and Alnico 8. Alnico 2 has a lower cobalt content and is used in applications where a lower coercivity is acceptable. Alnico 3 has a higher cobalt content and is used in applications where a higher coercivity is required. Alnico 4 has a higher copper content and is used in applications where a higher resistance to demagnetization is required. Alnico 8 has a higher titanium content and is used in applications where a higher resistance to corrosion is required.

Alnico magnets are typically produced by casting or sintering. The casting process involves melting the alloy and pouring it into a mold, while the sintering process involves compacting powdered alloy into a mold and then heating it to a high temperature. The resulting magnets are then magnetized using a strong magnetic field.

Alnico magnets are known for their high resistance to demagnetization, making them suitable for applications where the magnet may be exposed to high temperatures or strong demagnetizing fields. However, they are not as strong as some other types of permanent magnets, such as neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets.