Alloimmuunisuudessa

Alloimmuunisuudessa refers to the immune response directed against antigens from genetically different individuals of the same species. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in contexts such as blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and pregnancy. When foreign cells or tissues are introduced into the body, the recipient's immune system can recognize their antigens as non-self and mount an immune response. This response can lead to rejection of the transplanted organ or graft, or cause transfusion reactions. In pregnancy, the fetus inherits antigens from both parents, and the mother's immune system must develop tolerance to these paternal antigens to ensure a successful pregnancy. Alloimmunization can occur if this tolerance is not established or is broken, leading to complications. The immune mechanisms involved in alloimmunization include both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity. Antibodies can target foreign cells, leading to their destruction or inactivation. T lymphocytes can directly attack and destroy foreign cells or help activate other immune cells. Understanding alloimmunization is crucial for improving the success rates of transplantation and managing pregnancy complications. Strategies to prevent or manage alloimmunization include tissue typing, immunosuppressive therapy, and desensitization protocols.