Alkaliaineryhmä

Alkaliaineryhmä refers to a group of chemical elements. These elements are known for their high reactivity. They are found in the first column of the periodic table. The elements in this group are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. They are all metals with similar chemical properties.

These elements readily lose their single valence electron to form a +1 ion. This tendency makes them strong reducing agents. They react vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide. The reaction becomes more intense as you move down the group. For instance, sodium reacts with water, while potassium ignites upon contact. Cesium and francium react explosively.

Alkali metals are soft and have low melting points compared to other metals. They have a shiny, silvery appearance when freshly cut, but quickly tarnish in air due to oxidation. Due to their high reactivity, they are not found in their elemental form in nature. They are typically stored under oil or in an inert atmosphere to prevent reaction with air and moisture.

Their compounds are widespread. Sodium chloride, common salt, is a well-known example. Potassium compounds are essential for life and are found in fertilizers. Lithium is used in batteries. Despite their reactivity, alkali metals and their compounds play crucial roles in various industrial processes and biological systems.