Alóctonos

Alóctonos refers to organisms that are not native to a particular region or ecosystem. This term is primarily used in biogeography and ecology to describe species that have been introduced, either intentionally or accidentally, by human activities to areas outside of their natural geographic range. These introduced species are also commonly referred to as exotic species, non-native species, or alien species.

The introduction of alóctonos species can have significant ecological and economic impacts. Some alóctonos species can become invasive, meaning they spread rapidly and cause harm to the native environment, economy, or human health. Invasive species can outcompete native organisms for resources, prey on them, introduce diseases, or alter habitat structure. This can lead to a decline in biodiversity, disruption of ecosystem functions, and considerable economic losses in sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.

Conversely, not all alóctonos species become invasive. Many may fail to establish a breeding population, or they may coexist with native species without causing significant harm. The study of alóctonos species is crucial for understanding ecological dynamics, predicting potential threats, and developing management strategies to protect native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of harmful alóctonos species are a key component of conservation biology and environmental management worldwide.