Adenyltransferases

Adenyltransferases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an adenylyl group (AMP) from an adenylyl donor to an acceptor molecule. These enzymes play crucial roles in various biological processes, including DNA repair, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation. They are classified into two main types based on their mechanism of action: adenyltransferases that use ATP as a donor and those that use ADP as a donor.

Adenyltransferases that use ATP as a donor typically catalyze the transfer of an adenylyl group from ATP to an acceptor molecule, resulting in the formation of ADP and the adenylylated acceptor. These enzymes are involved in processes such as DNA repair, where they help to remove damaged nucleotides and replace them with undamaged ones.

Adenyltransferases that use ADP as a donor catalyze the transfer of an adenylyl group from ADP to an acceptor molecule, resulting in the formation of AMP and the adenylylated acceptor. These enzymes are involved in processes such as signal transduction, where they help to regulate the activity of various proteins.

Adenyltransferases are found in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans, and they are essential for maintaining the integrity and function of cellular processes. They are also potential targets for drug development, as their inhibition or activation can have therapeutic benefits in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.