Adenozintrifosfát

Adenozintrifosfát, commonly abbreviated as ATP, is a molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of cells. It is found in all known forms of life. ATP is composed of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The energy stored in ATP is released when a phosphate group is broken off, forming adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate ion. This process is called hydrolysis.

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, a process known as phosphorylation, requires energy input. This energy is primarily derived from the breakdown of food molecules through cellular respiration in eukaryotes, or from other metabolic pathways in prokaryotes. Photosynthesis also generates ATP, which is then used to power the synthesis of sugars.

ATP plays a crucial role in a vast array of cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, chemical synthesis, and active transport across cell membranes. Its ability to readily donate a phosphate group makes it an ideal intermediary for energy transfer within the cell. The continuous cycle of ATP hydrolysis and synthesis ensures that cells have a constant supply of readily available energy to perform their essential functions. Without ATP, life as we know it would not be possible.