Achillas

Achillas was a prominent general in the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt during the 1st century BCE. He played a significant role in the political turmoil that engulfed the kingdom, particularly during the reign of Cleopatra VII. Achillas was a key military commander under Ptolemy XIII, Cleopatra's younger brother and co-ruler.

In 48 BCE, as the rivalry between Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra VII escalated, Achillas led the Ptolemaic army against Cleopatra. He was instrumental in the initial stages of the conflict, commanding the forces that attempted to suppress Cleopatra's growing influence. His military actions contributed to Cleopatra's temporary exile from Alexandria.

However, the situation shifted dramatically with the arrival of Julius Caesar in Egypt, who intervened in the dynastic dispute. Caesar initially sided with Ptolemy XIII, but his alliance proved short-lived as he became embroiled in the Alexandrine War. During this conflict, Achillas continued to command the Egyptian forces, which were engaged in fierce fighting against Caesar and Cleopatra's combined forces within Alexandria.

Achillas's military strategy was characterized by decisive action, though ultimately unsuccessful against the seasoned Roman legions. He was eventually captured and executed by Caesar's forces in 47 BCE, a turning point in the Alexandrine War that significantly weakened Ptolemy XIII's position and paved the way for Caesar to support Cleopatra's claim to the throne. Achillas remains a notable figure in the history of Roman involvement in Egypt.