Acetilkolinész

Acetilkolinész is the Hungarian term for acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is primarily found in the synaptic clefts of cholinergic synapses, where it terminates the signal transmission by hydrolyzing acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. This rapid hydrolysis is crucial for allowing the postsynaptic neuron to repolarize and be ready to receive the next signal.

AChE plays a vital role in the nervous system, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the PNS, it is essential for muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction. In the CNS, it is involved in various functions including learning, memory, and attention. The activity of AChE can be inhibited by certain compounds, such as organophosphates and carbamates, which can have significant physiological effects. For example, inhibition of AChE at the neuromuscular junction leads to prolonged muscle stimulation, while inhibition in the CNS can cause cognitive impairment or enhancement depending on the specific context. Due to its critical role, AChE is a target for certain drugs and toxins. Diseases like Alzheimer's disease are associated with reduced levels or activity of AChE in certain brain regions, and treatments aim to increase acetylcholine levels by inhibiting AChE.