Abelson is a surname. It is used in English-speaking contexts and is associated with several notable individuals in public life and academia. Notable people with the surname include Alan Abelson (1924–2013), an American financial journalist and longtime columnist for Barron’s magazine. Another is Robert P. Abelson (1932–2009), an American social psychologist and professor at Yale University, known for his work on attitudes, belief systems, and related areas in social cognition.