ALDH1A1

ALDH1A1 is a gene located on chromosome 12q24.31. It encodes for the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), which is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. ALDH1A1 is primarily expressed in the liver and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of aldehydes, which are produced during the breakdown of alcohol and other substances. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, thereby detoxifying these compounds. ALDH1A1 is polymorphic, with two common variants: ALDH1A1*1 (the wild-type allele) and ALDH1A1*2 (the mutant allele). Individuals with the ALDH1A1*2 allele have reduced enzyme activity, leading to slower metabolism of aldehydes and increased sensitivity to alcohol. This polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related health issues, such as alcohol dependence and alcohol-induced liver disease. Additionally, ALDH1A1 has been implicated in various other physiological processes, including the metabolism of retinoids and the regulation of gene expression.