ABOvércsoport

ABOvércsoport refers to the ABO blood group system, a classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells. The system is determined by the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. Individuals inherit genes from their parents that determine which antigens they will have. This results in four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood has the A antigen, type B has the B antigen, type AB has both A and B antigens, and type O has neither.

In addition to these antigens, the ABO system also considers antibodies present in the plasma. Individuals with type A blood have anti-B antibodies, type B blood has anti-A antibodies, type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies, and type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. This antibody presence is crucial for blood transfusions. A person can only safely receive blood of a type that does not contain antibodies against their own red blood cell antigens. For example, a person with type A blood can receive type A or type O blood, but not type B or type AB.

The ABO blood group system is one of the most important in terms of blood transfusion safety. It is also used in forensic science and in determining parentage. The distribution of these blood types varies geographically and among different ethnic populations worldwide. Understanding ABOvércsoport is fundamental in medicine and genetics.