ABOtyyppiset

ABOtyyppiset refers to the ABO blood group system, which is one of the most important blood group systems in human blood transfusion. The ABO system is based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. There are four main blood types within this system: A, B, AB, and O. The A and B antigens are carbohydrates attached to the surface of red blood cells. Individuals with type A blood have only the A antigen, while those with type B blood have only the B antigen. Individuals with type AB blood have both A and B antigens, and those with type O blood have neither antigen.

The ABO system is determined by the inheritance of specific alleles at the ABO locus on chromosome 9. The I^A allele codes for the A antigen, the I^B allele codes for the B antigen, and the i allele does not code for any antigen. Individuals with type A blood are homozygous for the I^A allele (I^A I^A), while those with type B blood are homozygous for the I^B allele (I^B I^B). Individuals with type AB blood are heterozygous for the I^A and I^B alleles (I^A I^B), and those with type O blood are homozygous for the i allele (ii).

The ABO system is crucial in blood transfusion medicine, as it determines the compatibility between donor and recipient blood. Incompatible transfusions can lead to severe reactions, including hemolytic transfusion reactions. Therefore, it is essential to accurately determine an individual's ABO blood type before any blood transfusion procedure. The ABO blood group system was first described by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, and it has since played a significant role in the development of modern transfusion medicine.