A2Mprotease

Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a large protein found in the blood plasma of vertebrates. It is synthesized primarily by the liver. A2M acts as a broad-spectrum scavenger protein, capable of binding to and inactivating a wide range of proteases, enzymes that break down proteins. This inactivation occurs through a unique conformational change in the A2M molecule upon binding to a protease. Once bound, the protease is trapped within the A2M structure, preventing it from degrading other proteins in the body.

Beyond its role in protease inhibition, A2M also participates in other biological processes. It can bind to growth factors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules, thereby regulating their activity and availability. Furthermore, A2M plays a role in the clearance of aggregated proteins and cellular debris. Its presence is important for maintaining protein homeostasis and protecting tissues from excessive proteolytic activity, which can be detrimental in various physiological and pathological states. Dysregulation of A2M levels or function has been implicated in conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.