4fElektronen

4f electrons are a set of electrons found in the 4f subshell of an atom's electron cloud. This subshell is part of the fourth energy level, which is also known as the 4d level. The 4f subshell can hold up to 14 electrons, and it is filled with electrons in the lanthanide series of the periodic table, which includes elements from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu). These electrons are relatively shielded from the nucleus by the outer electrons, which results in a smaller effective nuclear charge experienced by the 4f electrons. This shielding effect is known as the lanthanide contraction. The 4f electrons are responsible for the characteristic properties of the lanthanides, such as their magnetic properties and their ability to form complexes with other elements. The 4f electrons are also involved in the formation of the lanthanide contraction, which is a decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of the lanthanides as the atomic number increases. This contraction is due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus, which pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus. The 4f electrons are also involved in the formation of the lanthanide series, which is a group of 15 elements in the periodic table. These elements have similar chemical properties due to the presence of the 4f electrons in their electron clouds.