48×501

48x501 refers to a specific type of artillery projectile, commonly known as a 48-pounder, with a length of 501 millimeters. This designation typically indicates a smoothbore cannon shell. The "48" denotes the approximate weight of the projectile in pounds, a common practice for older artillery nomenclature. The "501" specifies its length in millimeters. These shells were used in various naval and coastal artillery pieces during the 19th century.

The 48-pounder cannon was a significant piece of ordnance, capable of delivering substantial destructive power. Its projectile, the 48x501, was designed to be fired from such cannons. The design and composition of these shells varied, but they were generally made of cast iron and could be solid shot, explosive shells, or case shot, depending on the intended target and tactical situation. Solid shot was used against fortifications and ship hulls, while explosive shells were employed against personnel and structures. Case shot contained a multitude of smaller projectiles, effectively acting as a large shotgun blast against enemy formations.

The adoption of such calibers and projectile sizes reflected the technological advancements in artillery manufacturing and ballistics of the era. While precise historical records for every specific designation like "48x501" can be elusive, the general understanding of 48-pounder projectiles provides context for its historical use and significance in naval warfare and coastal defense. The standardization of ammunition types, even with varying lengths, was crucial for the efficient operation of artillery batteries.