3fosfoglütseraat

3-phosphoglycerate, also known as glycerate-3-phosphate or G3P, is a key intermediate in cellular metabolism. It is a molecule with the chemical formula C3H7O7P. This compound plays a central role in both photosynthesis and glycolysis, two fundamental biological pathways.

In photosynthesis, 3-phosphoglycerate is formed during the Calvin cycle. Specifically, it is the first stable product of carbon fixation, where carbon dioxide is incorporated into an organic molecule. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, leading to the formation of an unstable six-carbon compound that quickly breaks down into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. These molecules are then further processed to synthesize glucose.

In the process of glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, 3-phosphoglycerate is an intermediate in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate. After glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized and phosphorylated, it is converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, which is then dephosphorylated to form 3-phosphoglycerate. This step in glycolysis generates ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. Thus, 3-phosphoglycerate serves as a crucial link between energy production from glucose and the synthesis of sugars in plants and other photosynthetic organisms.