23bisfosfoglyseraatit

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, often abbreviated as 2,3-BPG or BPG, is a molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating oxygen affinity in hemoglobin. It is an intermediate in glycolysis, the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose. In red blood cells, 2,3-BPG is produced in significant amounts and binds to hemoglobin. This binding allosterically modifies hemoglobin, reducing its affinity for oxygen. This reduction in oxygen affinity is essential for efficient oxygen delivery to tissues. When oxygen levels are low in the tissues, such as during exercise or at high altitudes, 2,3-BPG levels increase. This increased 2,3-BPG leads to a rightward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, meaning that hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily to the surrounding tissues. Conversely, when oxygen levels are high, such as in the lungs, 2,3-BPG levels decrease, and hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases, facilitating oxygen uptake. The production of 2,3-BPG is catalyzed by the enzyme bisphosphoglycerate mutase. It is a vital component of the Bohr effect, which describes how blood pH and carbon dioxide levels also influence oxygen-hemoglobin binding. Understanding the role of 2,3-BPG is important in various physiological and pathological conditions, including anemia, lung disease, and certain genetic disorders affecting red blood cells.