1Nitro2benzene

1-Nitro-2-benzene, also known as 2-nitrotoluene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H7NO2. It is one of three isomers of nitrotoluene, the others being 1-nitro-3-benzene (3-nitrotoluene) and 1-nitro-4-benzene (4-nitrotoluene). This compound consists of a benzene ring substituted with a nitro group and a methyl group at adjacent positions (ortho positions).

2-Nitrotoluene is typically a pale yellow liquid or solid, depending on temperature, with a characteristic aromatic odor. It has a melting point of approximately -4 to -3 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of around 222 degrees Celsius. It is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene.

The primary method of production for 2-nitrotoluene involves the nitration of toluene. This reaction typically uses a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. While nitration of toluene produces a mixture of ortho, meta, and para isomers, the ortho isomer, 2-nitrotoluene, is a significant product. Separation of the isomers is achieved through fractional distillation or crystallization.

2-Nitrotoluene serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. It is a precursor to 2-aminotoluene (o-toluidine), which is used in the production of dyes, pigments, and rubber chemicals. It also finds application in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Due to its chemical properties and potential hazards, it is handled with appropriate safety precautions in industrial settings.