13Dinitrobenezene

1,3-Dinitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(NO2)2. It is a dinitro derivative of benzene, meaning that two nitro groups (NO2) are attached to the benzene ring. In 1,3-dinitrobenzene, these nitro groups are positioned at the meta positions relative to each other. It is a pale yellow crystalline solid.

This compound is typically synthesized through the nitration of nitrobenzene. The process involves reacting nitrobenzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and dehydrating agent, facilitating the electrophilic aromatic substitution of a second nitro group onto the benzene ring. Due to the deactivating nature of the nitro group already present, the second nitration requires more vigorous conditions compared to the initial nitration of benzene.

1,3-Dinitrobenzene has found applications as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic chemicals. It can be reduced to form meta-phenylenediamine, which is a precursor for dyes, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. However, due to its toxicity and potential explosive properties, its handling and use require significant caution and specialized safety procedures. It is classified as a hazardous substance and can be absorbed through the skin, leading to methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced.