0o12304

0o12304 is an octal numeric literal that uses the 0o prefix to indicate base-8 notation. In octal notation, digits range from 0 to 7, and the sequence 1-2-3-0-4 is valid.

Its decimal value is 5316. Calculation: 1×8^4 + 2×8^3 + 3×8^2 + 0×8^1 + 4×8^0 = 5316. Octal notation arises from grouping binary digits into sets of three, making it convenient for certain low-level representations such as file permissions and bitmasks.

In modern programming languages, 0o-prefixed literals designate octal values. Examples include Python 3, JavaScript (ES6 and later), Ruby, and Rust. The 0o prefix avoids ambiguity with decimal or hexadecimal forms and aligns with earlier conventions in Unix-like systems where octal values encode permissions.