öljynraakaus

öljynraakaus refers to the process of refining crude oil into various usable petroleum products. Crude oil, extracted from the earth, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. The initial stage of refining involves distillation, where the crude oil is heated and separated into different fractions based on their boiling points. These fractions include gases like propane and butane, light distillates such as gasoline and naphtha, middle distillates like kerosene and diesel fuel, and heavy distillates including lubricating oils and fuel oils.

Further processing steps are often employed to enhance the yield and quality of desired products. Cracking, for instance, breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable ones, increasing gasoline production. Reforming converts lower-octane hydrocarbons into higher-octane components for gasoline. Alkylation and polymerization are other processes used to produce high-octane gasoline components. Desulfurization removes sulfur compounds, which are environmentally harmful, from the oil fractions. The end products of öljanraakaus range from fuels for transportation and heating to raw materials for the petrochemical industry, which produces plastics, synthetic fibers, and other chemicals. The efficiency and specific processes used in öljanraakaus vary depending on the type of crude oil and the demand for different petroleum products.