Üldanesteetikume

Üldanesteetikume, also known as general anesthetics, are a class of drugs used to induce a state of general anesthesia. This state is characterized by reversible loss of consciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. General anesthetics are crucial for enabling surgical procedures and other medical interventions by ensuring patient comfort and immobility.

These agents work by depressing the central nervous system. The precise mechanisms are complex and not fully understood, but they are believed to involve interactions with various neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels in the brain. Different agents have different primary sites and mechanisms of action.

General anesthetics can be administered in two main forms: inhaled and intravenous. Inhaled anesthetics are gases or volatile liquids that are breathed in by the patient. Common examples include sevoflurane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide. Intravenous anesthetics are injected directly into a vein. Propofol, etomidate, and ketamine are frequently used intravenous agents.

The choice of general anesthetic depends on various factors, including the type of procedure, the patient's health status, and the desired speed of induction and recovery. Monitoring of vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, is essential during the administration of general anesthesia to ensure patient safety. Potential side effects can range from nausea and vomiting to more serious complications affecting the cardiovascular or respiratory systems.