Öljyfaktioita

Öljyfaktioita refers to fractions of crude oil obtained through fractional distillation. This process separates crude oil into different components based on their boiling points. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, and fractional distillation is a key industrial process for refining it into usable products.

The fractions are typically categorized by their boiling point ranges and the number of carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon molecules. Lower boiling point fractions contain lighter hydrocarbons with fewer carbon atoms, while higher boiling point fractions contain heavier hydrocarbons with more carbon atoms. Common fractions include petroleum gases (like LPG), naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, and bitumen.

Petroleum gases, with the lowest boiling points, are used as fuels for cooking and heating, as well as in the petrochemical industry. Naphtha is a feedstock for producing gasoline and is also used as a solvent. Gasoline, or petrol, is primarily used as fuel for internal combustion engines in vehicles. Kerosene is used as jet fuel and for lighting and heating. Diesel fuel powers diesel engines. Lubricating oils are used to reduce friction between moving parts. Bitumen, the heaviest fraction, has the highest boiling point and is used for road surfacing and roofing. The specific composition and yield of these fractions can vary depending on the source of the crude oil and the distillation process.