Õhusaasteaine

Õhusaasteaine is an Estonian term that translates to "air pollutant." It refers to any substance in the atmosphere that is present in quantities that can cause harm to human health, damage to the environment, or pose a threat to materials. These pollutants can originate from natural sources or anthropogenic activities.

Natural sources of air pollutants include volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and dust storms, which release particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and other substances. However, the majority of concerning air pollution is caused by human activities. Major anthropogenic sources include the burning of fossil fuels in power plants, industrial facilities, and vehicles, which release gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Agricultural practices, such as the use of fertilizers and livestock farming, can contribute to ammonia and methane emissions. Other sources include industrial processes, waste incineration, and the use of certain solvents and chemicals.

Air pollutants can exist in various forms, including gases, liquids, and solid particles. They can be classified as primary pollutants, emitted directly from a source, or secondary pollutants, formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions. Examples of common air pollutants include particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and lead (Pb).

The impact of õhusaasteaine can be significant. On human health, it can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and even premature death. Environmentally, air pollutants can cause acid rain, damage to crops and forests, and contribute to climate change. They can also degrade buildings and historical monuments. Monitoring and regulating air pollutants are crucial for protecting public health and the environment.