Õhusaastajad

Õhusaastajad refer to substances present in the atmosphere that can have detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and materials. These pollutants can originate from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions or forest fires, but are largely attributed to human activities. Common anthropogenic sources include the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes.

Major categories of air pollutants include particulate matter, which are tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, and gases like sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). SO2 and NOx contribute to acid rain and respiratory problems. CO is a poisonous gas that reduces oxygen transport in the blood. Ground-level ozone, formed from chemical reactions involving NOx and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight, irritates the lungs.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are another significant group, released from solvents, paints, and vehicle emissions, and they contribute to ozone formation. Heavy metals like lead and mercury, as well as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), can also be released into the atmosphere.

The presence of õhusaastajad can lead to a range of health issues, including asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases. Environmentally, they can damage crops, forests, and aquatic life, and contribute to climate change. Monitoring and regulating õhusaastajad are crucial for safeguarding public health and the environment.