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The ear canal, also known as the auditory canal or meatus acusticus externus, is a tube that extends from the outer ear to the eardrum. It is part of the outer ear and plays a crucial role in the process of hearing. The ear canal is typically about 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) long in adults and is inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees from the horizontal plane.

The ear canal is lined with skin and small hairs, which help to trap dust and other particles, preventing them from reaching the eardrum. It also contains ceruminous glands that produce earwax, or cerumen. Earwax serves several important functions, including lubrication, protection, and trapping foreign particles. The ear canal's shape and the presence of earwax help to protect the middle and inner ear from infections and damage.

Sound waves enter the ear canal and travel towards the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted through the small bones of the middle ear to the inner ear, where they are converted into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound. The ear canal also plays a role in equalizing pressure on both sides of the eardrum, which is important for maintaining balance and preventing discomfort during changes in altitude.

Blockages in the ear canal, such as excessive earwax or foreign objects, can lead to hearing loss, discomfort, or infection. It is important to avoid inserting objects like cotton swabs into the ear canal, as this can push earwax deeper and cause damage to the eardrum. If you experience symptoms such as ear pain, hearing loss, or ringing in the ears, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.