øjenskirtlerne

The eye glands, also known as ocular glands, are a group of structures within and around the eye responsible for producing, distributing, and draining the tears. These glands play a crucial role in maintaining ocular health and function. The primary tear-producing gland is the lacrimal gland, located in the upper outer portion of the orbit. It secretes the watery component of the tear film, which lubricates the eye, washes away debris, and contains antibodies and enzymes to fight infection.

Accessory tear glands, such as the meibomian glands and glands of Zeis and Moll, also contribute to the tear film. The meibomian glands, located in the eyelids, produce an oily layer that prevents rapid evaporation of the watery tear component. The glands of Zeis and Moll, associated with the eyelashes, secrete lipids that help lubricate the eyelid margins.

The tear film is a complex, multi-layered substance that covers the surface of the eye. It consists of three main layers: an outer lipid layer, a middle aqueous (watery) layer, and an inner mucin layer. This film ensures a smooth optical surface for clear vision, protects the cornea from dryness and damage, and removes foreign particles.

Tear drainage is facilitated by a system of puncta, canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct, which empties into the nasal cavity. Disruptions to the function of these glands can lead to various eye conditions, including dry eye syndrome, excessive tearing (epiphora), and infections.