õunhappest

Ounhappest, also known as malic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in apples, where it is responsible for their tartness. The name "malic acid" is derived from the Latin word "malum," meaning apple.

In addition to apples, ounhappest is found in various other fruits such as cherries, plums, and grapes. It plays a role in the metabolic process known as the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. In plants, it is involved in photosynthesis and respiration.

Ounhappest exists as two stereoisomers, L-malic acid and D-malic acid, due to the presence of a chiral center. Naturally occurring malic acid in fruits is predominantly L-malic acid. The L-isomer is the form utilized in biological systems.

Industrially, ounhappest is synthesized from maleic anhydride. It is widely used in the food industry as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and preservative. Its tart taste makes it a common ingredient in candies, jams, beverages, and desserts. It is also employed in cosmetics for its exfoliating and skin-brightening properties. Furthermore, it has applications in pharmaceuticals and industrial cleaning agents.