õlgade

õlgade is an Estonian word that translates to "shoulders" in English. In the context of human anatomy, it refers to the region of the body between the neck and the upper arm, encompassing the shoulder joint and the surrounding muscles. The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. This significant mobility is crucial for activities such as lifting, throwing, and reaching.

The muscles of the shoulder are complex and include the deltoid, rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis), pectoralis major, trapezius, and rhomboids, among others. These muscles work in coordination to stabilize the shoulder blade and facilitate the movement of the arm. Injuries to the shoulders, such as rotator cuff tears, dislocations, and impingement syndrome, are common due to the joint's extensive range of motion and the stresses it endures during physical activity.

Beyond its anatomical significance, "õlgade" can also be used metaphorically in Estonian to describe bearing burdens or responsibilities. For instance, someone might say they have "heavy shoulders" to indicate they are carrying a significant load of work or worry. The phrase "õlg õla kõrval" translates to "shoulder to shoulder" and signifies solidarity, cooperation, and mutual support. The concept of shoulders is therefore central to both physical function and social interaction within the Estonian language and culture.