ónæmisvörun

Ónæmisvörun refers to the body's defense system against foreign invaders. This complex network of cells, tissues, and organs works together to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The immune system has two main branches: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate system provides a rapid, general response to any threat. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as specialized cells like phagocytes that engulf and destroy foreign particles. The adaptive immune system, on the other hand, is slower to respond but offers a highly specific and long-lasting defense. This branch involves lymphocytes, such as B cells that produce antibodies and T cells that directly attack infected cells or regulate the immune response. When the immune system encounters a pathogen, it triggers a cascade of events to eliminate the threat and develop memory cells. These memory cells allow for a quicker and more effective response if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future, forming the basis of immunity. Malfunctions in the immune system can lead to various health issues, including autoimmune diseases where the body attacks its own tissues, or immunodeficiency disorders where the body's ability to fight off infections is compromised.