ónæmiskerfisvirkni

Ónæmiskerfisvirkni, also known as immune system function, refers to the complex processes by which the body defends itself against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This intricate system involves a coordinated effort of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to identify, neutralize, and eliminate threats. The immune system comprises two main branches: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.

The innate immune system provides a rapid, non-specific defense mechanism. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components such as phagocytes (like macrophages and neutrophils) that engulf and destroy pathogens, and natural killer cells that target infected or cancerous cells. Inflammation, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, is a key component of the innate response, facilitating the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection.

The adaptive immune system, in contrast, is slower to respond but offers a highly specific and long-lasting defense. It is characterized by its ability to "remember" previous encounters with pathogens, leading to a more potent response upon re-exposure. This branch relies on lymphocytes, specifically B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies, proteins that bind to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction. T cells have various roles, including cytotoxic T cells that directly kill infected cells and helper T cells that coordinate the immune response by activating other immune cells. The effective functioning of both innate and adaptive immunity is crucial for maintaining health and preventing disease.