Ångkompressionscykel

Ångkompressionscykel, also known as the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, is the most common thermodynamic cycle used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It forms the basis of how most refrigerators and air conditioners work to transfer heat from a colder space to a warmer environment.

The cycle consists of four main components: the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, and the evaporator. The working fluid, typically a refrigerant, undergoes continuous phase changes and pressure variations within these components.

The cycle begins with the compressor, which receives the refrigerant in its gaseous state at low pressure and temperature. The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas.

Next, the high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant gas flows into the condenser, which is usually a set of coils located outside the refrigerated space. Here, the refrigerant releases its heat to the surroundings and condenses into a high-pressure liquid.

The high-pressure liquid refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve. This device significantly reduces the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, causing a portion of it to vaporize.

Finally, the low-pressure, cold liquid-vapor mixture enters the evaporator, typically coils inside the refrigerated space. As heat from the colder space is absorbed by the refrigerant, it completely vaporizes into a low-pressure gas. This absorbed heat is what provides the cooling effect. The low-pressure gas then returns to the compressor, and the cycle repeats.