Ärtyneisyysihottuma

Ärtyneisyysihottuma, known in English as irritant contact dermatitis, is a common skin condition characterized by inflammation caused by direct damage to the skin from an irritant substance. Unlike allergic contact dermatitis, it does not involve an immune system response. The skin's protective barrier is compromised, leading to symptoms such as redness, dryness, scaling, and sometimes blistering or fissuring.

The severity of irritant contact dermatitis depends on the nature of the irritant, the duration and frequency of exposure, and the individual's skin susceptibility. Common irritants include soaps, detergents, solvents, acids, alkalis, and even prolonged contact with water. Occupations that involve frequent hand washing or exposure to chemicals, such as healthcare workers, cleaners, and hairdressers, are at higher risk.

Diagnosis is typically based on the patient's history of exposure to irritants and a physical examination of the affected skin. Patch testing, which is used to identify allergens in allergic contact dermatitis, is not helpful for diagnosing irritant contact dermatitis.

Treatment focuses on identifying and avoiding the offending irritant. Protective measures, such as wearing gloves, can be very effective. Emollients and moisturizers are crucial for restoring the skin barrier and relieving dryness and irritation. In more severe cases, topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. Prevention is key, emphasizing gentle skin care practices and appropriate protective equipment when handling known irritants.