Ásványtípusok

Ásványtípusok refers to the classification of minerals based on their chemical composition. This system, widely adopted in mineralogy, groups minerals with similar atomic structures and chemical formulas. The primary categories include native elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.

Native elements are minerals composed of a single element, such as gold, silver, copper, sulfur, and diamond. Sulfides contain sulfur as the main anion, examples being pyrite and galena. Oxides are minerals where oxygen is the main anion, like hematite and magnetite. Halides are characterized by halide ions such as chlorine or fluorine, with examples including halite and fluorite.

Carbonates are minerals containing the carbonate group (CO3)2-, such as calcite and dolomite. Sulfates feature the sulfate group (SO4)2-, with gypsum and barite being common examples. Phosphates contain the phosphate group (PO4)3-, like apatite. Finally, silicates are the largest and most important group, characterized by the presence of the silicate tetrahedron (SiO4)4-, forming minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica. This classification helps geologists understand mineral formation processes, their properties, and their distribution in the Earth's crust.