xilol

Xilol, also known as xylol or xylene, refers to a group of colorless, flammable aromatic hydrocarbons used as solvents. The term typically denotes a mixture of the three isomers of dimethylbenzene—ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene—with smaller amounts of ethylbenzene and other C8 aromatics. Xilol is mainly derived from petroleum and is produced through catalytic reforming and related processes, followed by separation by distillation.

Uses and production: It is widely used as a solvent in paints, coatings, inks, and cleaners, and as a feedstock for the production of terephthalic acid via oxidation of para-xylene, a key step in manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Physical properties: Xilol is a colorless liquid with a boiling range of about 138 to 144°C. It has low water solubility and is immiscible with water; it is miscible with many organic solvents. Vapors are flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air.

Safety and handling: Exposure can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; inhalation may cause dizziness and headaches. Prolonged or high-level exposure may affect the central nervous system. It should be stored in closed, properly ventilated containers away from heat, sparks, and flames; use appropriate personal protective equipment.

Environmental aspects: spills should be contained; it is not readily biodegradable and can contaminate soil and groundwater; disposal is in accordance with hazardous waste regulations.

Regulatory notes: widely regulated as a hazardous material; handling and storage standards vary by country but typically require ventilation, leak controls, and fire protection.

Name and terminology: Xilol is the spelling used in some languages; in English, xylene or xylol is common.